Pituitary gland surgery is done to remove a tumor in the pituitary gland. In most cases these tumors are not cancer (benign). Here's what you can expect before, during, and after the surgery.

Transoral resection is surgery to help control or cure oral cancer. During surgery, an oral tumor is removed through the mouth. This sheet explains transoral resection and what to expect.

Mastoidectomy and meatoplasty are types of ear surgery. Mastoidectomy removes part of the mastoid bone (the large bone behind the earlobe). It may be done if tiny air cells in the bone become infected or damaged. Meatoplasty makes the opening into the ear canal (meatus) larger. It may be done after mastoidectomy to make it easier to check and clean the ear.

Direct laryngoscopy is a procedure to look at the vocal cords. A laryngoscope is a rigid, hollow tube with a light attached. Using this tool, your healthcare provider can look behind your tongue and down your throat to your vocal cords. A tissue sample (biopsy) can be taken for study in a lab. Or a growth can be removed.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) can treat your snoring or sleep apnea (a condition that affects nighttime breathing). Learn about the procedure and what to expect.

Excisional biopsy helps find the cause of an enlarged lymph node. During it, the entire enlarged lymph node is removed. It's then sent to a lab for testing.

In some cases, scar revision surgery can help improve the look of a scar or make it less visible. If the scar tissue is tight and restricts movement of the skin, revision can improve this. Z-plasty is a method of scar revision.

A skin graft is a piece of healthy skin (graft) that is moved from 1 part of your body to another. If you have a large wound, a skin graft can help close it. This allows the wound to heal. Or a skin graft can be used to treat a scar (a mark left after a wound has healed).

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. Here's what to expect if you have surgery for melanoma removal.

Liposuction is a type of cosmetic surgery to remove excess fat from specific body areas.